Which act established FEMA?

The correct choice is the Disaster Relief Act of 1974. This act was pivotal in shaping the federal government's emergency management policies and established the framework for disaster response and recovery operations. Specifically, it laid the groundwork for the creation of FEMA by enabling federal assistance to be provided in response to disasters. The act aimed to support states and localities in their efforts to recover from natural disasters by coordinating federal resources and funding.

While the Stafford Act and the National Emergencies Act relate to disaster management and provide mechanisms for federal aid, they came after the establishment of FEMA. The Emergency Management Assistance Compact allows states to assist each other during disasters but does not directly pertain to the establishment of FEMA itself. Therefore, the Disaster Relief Act of 1974 is correctly identified as the legislation that directly led to the formation of FEMA.